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Referencing

Everything you need to know about referencing, bibliographies, copyright and plagiarism

Personal communications include letters, emails, private social media posts, personal interviews, telephone conversations and the like. It is always important to get the permission of the person concerned before referring to them in an assignment.

These do not provide recoverable data and are therefore not included your references list.

In-text citation only
The initials of the person precede the family name. The day, month and year can be provided within the narrative or as part of the in-text citation. It is sometimes appropriate to indicate the role of the person being cited and their organisation.

When interviewed on 8 October 2013, J Robinson, Manager, Heathville Community Centre, confirmed ...

or

(J Robinson, Manager, Heathville Community Centre, interview, 8 October 2013)

or

J Robinson (email, 8 October 2013) indicated ...

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